A Review on the Mosquitocidal Effect of Azadirachta indica (A.) Juss., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., and Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit
Fatima Dantanko
*
Environmental Biotechnology & Bioconservation Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency, Nigeria.
Rita M. Sunday
Medical Biotechnology Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency, Nigeria.
Alfred Kalu
Environmental Biotechnology & Bioconservation Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency, Nigeria.
Ekaete Udofia
Agricultural Biotechnology Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency. Nigeria.
Nusaiba M. Sodangi
Bioresource Development Center, Abuja. National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency. Nigeria.
Dominic Okolo
Genetic, Genomics & Bioinformatics Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency, Nigeria.
Safiya Muhammed
Environmental Biotechnology & Bioconservation Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency, Nigeria.
Anita Jite
Environmental Biotechnology & Bioconservation Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency, Nigeria.
Adamu Sadiq Galadima
Environmental Biotechnology & Bioconservation Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency, Nigeria.
Olutayo O. Ayanleye
Environmental Biotechnology & Bioconservation Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency, Nigeria.
Glory Ononokpono
Agricultural Biotechnology Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency. Nigeria.
Esther Inegbedion
Agricultural Biotechnology Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency. Nigeria.
Roseline Joseph
Agricultural Biotechnology Department, National Biotechnology Research & Development Agency. Nigeria.
Yvonne A. Onmonya
National Open University of Nigeria, Nigeria.
Abdullahi Mustapha
National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors for a number of infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus and chikungunya; hence, they pose a significant threat to public health globally. The rising incidence of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations as well as the environmental and health hazards associated with synthetic pesticides, has led to the demand for sustainable and ecofriendly insecticidal alternatives. Botanical insecticides have been suggested as viable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. However, they vary in their insecticidal efficacy, mode of action and toxicity to nontarget organisms. This study reviews available reports on the mosquitocidal properties of three medicinal plants; Azadirachta indica (neem), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), and Hyptis suaveolens (bush mint). It examines their efficacy against various mosquito life stages and highlights the active compounds responsible for the insecticidal properties of these. Furthermore, the limitations associated with the use of these plants for mosquito control are clearly outlined and recommendations are made on strategies to improve prospective bio-insecticidal products. Overall, the finding provided a foundation for developing plant-based insecticides that can be integrated into public health and vector control programs to sustainably reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission.
Keywords: Mosquitocidal, Azardirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus, Hyptis suaveolens